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	Prerequisites Students interested in MICROBIAL EVOLUTION and ECOLOGY and in the study of the DIVERSITY OF MICROORGANISMS should have solid knowledge in the basic subjects of the natural sciences. Some of the contents which are essential are listed below. Students will profit most if they review the material before the MICROBIAL EVOLUTION and ECOLOGY course. General Prerequisites A few key words describing the contents most applicable to MICROBIAL EVOLUTION and ECOLOGY are listed below for Chemistry Biochemistry Physics Mathematics Plant Physiology Molecular Biology Structural Biology Genetics Microbiology These subject are taught in the undergraduate courses of the 1st to the 4th semester.

	Chemistry Recalling a few chemical principles Structure of atoms, molecules, ions, isotopic distribution Oxidation states of the elements, exchange of electrons, electronegativity & electronaffinity The nature of chemical bonds Stoechiometries and yields of reactions Dynamic equilibria (solubility, redox, protonation/deprotonation, dissociation, sorption/desorption, complexation), reaction kinetics Thermodynamic functions, electrochemical potentials & electromotive forces Chemical reactivities of solid surfaces prerequisites Biochemistry Bio-macromolecules and their monomers Enzymes and coenzymes in metabolic processes Membrane translocation, transport of electrons and protons within and across membranes, electrochemical potential Oxidative phosphorylation, energy-rich bonds, group translocation reactions Basic metabolic routes and enzymatic mechanism Energetic processes in mitochondria Thermodynamic concepts applied to bioenergetics prerequisites Physics Recalling a few physical principles Characteristics & behavior of gases and liquids (water) Measurement and characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, absorption, reflexion, fluorescence, changes of the radiation spectrum in water, in the atmosphere; Ecologically important geophysical determinants: heat flow,temperature, pressure, magnetic field Transformation of energy Calculation of electrochemical potential differences, electron currents prerequisites Mathematics Mathematical description of growth in static and continous culture as differential equations and their solutions prerequisites Plant Physiology: Photosynthesis and Bioenergetics Architecture and pigment composition of the photosynthetic membrane Stoichiometry and energetics of biomass formation during assimilation Light dependent reactions in photosynthetic membranes Mechanisms of light driven energy transfer and electron flow from electron sources to sinks CO₂-fixation by the Calvin Cycle: Processes, enzymes and regulation prerequisites Prokaryotic Molecular Biology taught as part of the Molecular Biology and Genetics courses during the 2nd and 3rd semester Genetic elements; regulation of information processing on the molecular level; mutation, recombination and rearrangement of genetic information; energy conversion mechanisms prerequisites Structural Microbiology taught as part of the Cell Biology courses during the 2nd semester Architecture and function of biological membranes and subcellular structures prerequisites Genetics taught as part of Biology II during the 2nd semester Molecular and cytological basics and terms of heredity Mutagenesis, types and induction of mutations Parasexuality in prokaryotes, bacteriophages and viruse Molecular mechanisms of gene expression prerequisites Microbiology taught as parts of Biology-III and Biochemistry-II Basic Microbiology Biological innovations by prokaryotes Basic concepts in microbial evolution Isolation, cultivation and characterization of bacteria and archaea Growth, growth kinetics and growth prevention of microbes Expressions of microbial growth in aggregates, biofilms and other community structures Metabolic versatility and diversity Microbialinteractions in food webs Industrially produced microbial products Biochemistry, Physiology and Genomics of Prokaryotes Basic principles of bacterial and archaeal metabolisms Diversity of phototrophic bacteria and their photosynthetic processes Pathways which allow for C-Autotrophy Biochemistry of Chemolithotrophy Thermodynamics and energetics of chemolithotrophs in extreme habitats Common themes in anaerobic respiration Versatility of fermenters Degradation of xenobiotics prerequisites
	microeco