12. Application of thermodynamics to environmental processes Thermodynamic laws and the calculation of free energies. Range of applicability of thermodynamic principles in microbial energetics. Free energies of reactions: terms, definitions and abbreviations. Application of thermodynamics in ecological processes: Direction and probability of reactions, exergonic and endergonic reactions Alterations of DGr by microbially mediated processes Influence of pH and temperature on DGr Microbial activities which change the ion activity product and the solubility of minerals Activities which alter redox conditions (Dpe). Thermodynamic modelling of microbial reactions: application of a simple calculation model.
	microeco